What term is used for a sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected?

The term that describes a sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease that exceeds what is normally expected in a specific geographic area is "epidemic." An epidemic occurs when the incidence of a disease rises significantly, indicating a rapid spread that can affect a larger population than usual. This terminology is essential in understanding infectious diseases and public health trends, as it helps health professionals evaluate the severity of a disease outbreak and implement necessary interventions.

In contrast, a pandemic refers to an epidemic that has spread over multiple countries or continents, affecting a larger geographic area. Endemic refers to the constant presence and usual prevalence of a disease within a specific geographic area, indicating it’s expected and stable in that location over time. A chronic condition involves a long-term health issue that may not necessarily involve a sudden increase in cases but is characterized by lasting effects.